dame vs adult female

dame and adult female both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
dame	Yes	No	No	No
adult female	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, adult female is a hypernym of dame; that is, adult female is a word with a broader meaning than dame:

Other hypernyms of dame include woman.

dame (noun)	adult female (noun)
informal terms for a (young) woman	an adult female person (as opposed to a man)
a woman of refinement