portion vs component

portion and component both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
portion	Yes	No	Yes	No
component	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, component is a hyponym of portion; that is, component is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than portion:

portion: something less than the whole of a human artifact
component: an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system

As nouns, portion and component are synonyms defined as:

portion and component: something determined in relation to something that includes it

Other synonyms of portion include component part, constituent, part.

portion (noun)	component (noun)
the allotment of some amount by dividing something	an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system
something less than the whole of a human artifact	an abstract part of something
an individual quantity of food or drink taken as part of a meal	something determined in relation to something that includes it
assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group
money or property brought by a woman to her husband at marriage
something determined in relation to something that includes it
your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

portion (verb)	component (verb)
give out