Arthropoda vs phylum

Arthropoda and phylum both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
Arthropoda	Yes	No	No	No
phylum	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, phylum is a hypernym of Arthropoda; that is, phylum is a word with a broader meaning than Arthropoda:

Arthropoda: jointed-foot invertebrates: arachnids, crustaceans, insects, millipedes, centipedes
phylum: (biology) the major taxonomic group of animals and plants; contains classes

Arthropoda (noun)	phylum (noun)
jointed-foot invertebrates: arachnids, crustaceans, insects, millipedes, centipedes	(biology) the major taxonomic group of animals and plants; contains classes
	(linguistics) a large group of languages that are historically related