Canadian province vs province

Canadian province and province both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
Canadian province	Yes	No	No	No
province	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, province is a hypernym of Canadian province; that is, province is a word with a broader meaning than Canadian province:

Canadian province: Canada is divided into 12 provinces for administrative purposes
province: the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

Other hypernyms of Canadian province include state.

Canadian province (noun)	province (noun)
Canada is divided into 12 provinces for administrative purposes	the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation
	the proper sphere or extent of your activities