Caucasian vs White person

Caucasian and White person both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
Caucasian	Yes	Yes	No	No
White person	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, Caucasian and White person are synonyms defined as:

Caucasian and White person: a person of European descent with a light-skinned or pale complexion

Other synonyms of Caucasian include White.

Caucasian (noun)	White person (noun)
a number of languages spoken in the Caucasus that are unrelated to languages spoken elsewhere	a person of European descent with a light-skinned or pale complexion
a person of European descent with a light-skinned or pale complexion

Caucasian (adjective)	White person (adjective)
of or relating to the geographical region of Caucasia
of or relating to Caucasian people