Egyptian cat vs Felis catus

Egyptian cat and Felis catus both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
Egyptian cat	Yes	No	No	No
Felis catus	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, Felis catus is a hypernym of Egyptian cat; that is, Felis catus is a word with a broader meaning than Egyptian cat:

Other hypernyms of Egyptian cat include domestic cat, Felis domesticus, house cat.

Egyptian cat (noun)	Felis catus (noun)
a domestic cat of Egypt	any domesticated member of the genus Felis