German vs Teuton

German and Teuton both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
German	Yes	Yes	No	No
Teuton	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, Teuton is a hyponym of German; that is, Teuton is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than German:

Other hyponyms of German include East German, Boche, Hun, Jerry, Kraut, Krauthead, Berliner, Prussian, Bavarian.

German (noun)	Teuton (noun)
the standard German language; developed historically from West Germanic	a member of the ancient Germanic people who migrated from Jutland to southern Gaul and were annihilated by the Romans
a person of German nationality	someone (especially a German) who speaks a Germanic language

German (adjective)	Teuton (adjective)
of or pertaining to or characteristic of Germany or its people or language