Golden Age vs time period

Golden Age and time period both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
Golden Age	Yes	No	No	No
time period	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, time period is a hypernym of Golden Age; that is, time period is a word with a broader meaning than Golden Age:

Golden Age: (classical mythology) the first and best age of the world, a time of ideal happiness, prosperity, and innocence; by extension, any flourishing and outstanding period
time period: an amount of time

Other hypernyms of Golden Age include period, period of time.

Golden Age (noun)	time period (noun)
(classical mythology) the first and best age of the world, a time of ideal happiness, prosperity, and innocence; by extension, any flourishing and outstanding period	an amount of time