Judaism vs religion

Judaism and religion both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
Judaism	Yes	No	No	No
religion	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, religion is a hypernym of Judaism; that is, religion is a word with a broader meaning than Judaism:

Judaism: Jews collectively who practice a religion based on the Torah and the Talmud
religion: an institution to express belief in a divine power

Other hypernyms of Judaism include faith, organized religion.

Judaism (noun)	religion (noun)
the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud	a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny
Jews collectively who practice a religion based on the Torah and the Talmud	an institution to express belief in a divine power