Northerner vs dweller

Northerner and dweller both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
Northerner	Yes	No	No	No
dweller	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, dweller is a hypernym of Northerner; that is, dweller is a word with a broader meaning than Northerner:

Other hypernyms of Northerner include denizen, habitant, indweller, inhabitant.

Northerner (noun)	dweller (noun)
an inhabitant of the North	a person who inhabits a particular place
an American who lives in the North (especially during the American Civil War)