Passer domesticus vs sparrow

Passer domesticus and sparrow both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
Passer domesticus	Yes	No	No	No
sparrow	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, sparrow is a hypernym of Passer domesticus; that is, sparrow is a word with a broader meaning than Passer domesticus:

Passer domesticus: small hardy brown-and-grey bird native to Europe
sparrow: any of several small dull-colored singing birds feeding on seeds or insects

Other hypernyms of Passer domesticus include true sparrow.

Passer domesticus (noun)	sparrow (noun)
small hardy brown-and-grey bird native to Europe	any of several small dull-colored singing birds feeding on seeds or insects
	small brownish European songbird