Pharisee vs Jew

Pharisee and Jew both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
Pharisee	Yes	No	No	No
Jew	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, Jew is a hypernym of Pharisee; that is, Jew is a word with a broader meaning than Pharisee:

Pharisee: a member of an ancient Jewish sect noted for strict obedience to Jewish traditions
Jew: a person belonging to the worldwide group claiming descent from Jacob (or converted to it) and connected by cultural or religious ties

Other hypernyms of Pharisee include Hebrew, Israelite.

Pharisee (noun)	Jew (noun)
a member of an ancient Jewish sect noted for strict obedience to Jewish traditions	a person belonging to the worldwide group claiming descent from Jacob (or converted to it) and connected by cultural or religious ties