Ramadan vs fasting

Ramadan and fasting both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
Ramadan	Yes	No	No	No
fasting	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, fasting is a hypernym of Ramadan; that is, fasting is a word with a broader meaning than Ramadan:

Ramadan: (Islam) a fast (held from sunrise to sunset) that is carried out during the Islamic month of Ramadan
fasting: abstaining from food

Other hypernyms of Ramadan include fast.

Ramadan (noun)	fasting (noun)
(Islam) a fast (held from sunrise to sunset) that is carried out during the Islamic month of Ramadan	abstaining from food
the ninth month of the Islamic calendar; the month of fasting; the holiest period for the Islamic faith