Sinologist vs scholar

Sinologist and scholar both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
Sinologist	Yes	No	No	No
scholar	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, scholar is a hypernym of Sinologist; that is, scholar is a word with a broader meaning than Sinologist:

Sinologist: a student of Chinese history and language and culture
scholar: a learned person; someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines

Other hypernyms of Sinologist include bookman, scholarly person.

Sinologist (noun)	scholar (noun)
a student of Chinese history and language and culture	a learned person; someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines
	someone (especially a child) who learns (as from a teacher) or takes up knowledge or beliefs
	a student who holds a scholarship