aberration vs mental disorder

aberration and mental disorder both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
aberration	Yes	No	No	No
mental disorder	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, mental disorder is a hypernym of aberration; that is, mental disorder is a word with a broader meaning than aberration:

aberration: a disorder in one's mental state
mental disorder: (psychiatry) a psychological disorder of thought or emotion; a more neutral term than mental illness

Other hypernyms of aberration include disturbance, folie, mental disturbance, psychological disorder.

aberration (noun)	mental disorder (noun)
an optical phenomenon resulting from the failure of a lens or mirror to produce a good image	(psychiatry) a psychological disorder of thought or emotion; a more neutral term than mental illness
a disorder in one's mental state
a state or condition markedly different from the norm