absent vs vanish

absent is an adjective but vanish is not an adjective.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
absent	No	Yes	Yes	No
vanish	No	No	Yes	No

As verbs, vanish is a hypernym of absent; that is, vanish is a word with a broader meaning than absent:

Other hypernyms of absent include disappear, go away.

absent (adjective)	vanish (adjective)
not being in a specified place
lost in thought; showing preoccupation
nonexistent

absent (verb)	vanish (verb)
stay away or leave	get lost, as without warning or explanation
	decrease rapidly and disappear
	cease to exist
	pass away rapidly
	become invisible or unnoticeable