artichoke vs veg

artichoke and veg both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
artichoke	Yes	No	No	No
veg	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, veg is a hypernym of artichoke; that is, veg is a word with a broader meaning than artichoke:

artichoke: a thistlelike flower head with edible fleshy leaves and heart
veg: edible seeds or roots or stems or leaves or bulbs or tubers or nonsweet fruits of any of numerous herbaceous plant

Other hypernyms of artichoke include vegetable, veggie.

artichoke (noun)	veg (noun)
a thistlelike flower head with edible fleshy leaves and heart	edible seeds or roots or stems or leaves or bulbs or tubers or nonsweet fruits of any of numerous herbaceous plant
Mediterranean thistlelike plant widely cultivated for its large edible flower head