artiste vs performing artist

artiste and performing artist both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
artiste	Yes	No	No	No
performing artist	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, performing artist is a hypernym of artiste; that is, performing artist is a word with a broader meaning than artiste:

artiste: a public performer (a dancer or singer)
performing artist: an entertainer who performs a dramatic or musical work for an audience

Other hypernyms of artiste include performer.

artiste (noun)	performing artist (noun)
a public performer (a dancer or singer)	an entertainer who performs a dramatic or musical work for an audience