authorize vs permit

authorize is not a noun while permit is a noun.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
authorize	No	No	Yes	No
permit	Yes	No	Yes	No

As verbs, permit is a hypernym of authorize; that is, permit is a word with a broader meaning than authorize:

Other hypernyms of authorize include allow, countenance, let.

authorize (noun)	permit (noun)
	the act of giving a formal (usually written) authorization
	large game fish; found in waters of the West Indies
	a legal document giving official permission to do something

authorize (verb)	permit (verb)
grant authorization or clearance for	consent to, give permission; permit
give or delegate power or authority to	allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting
	make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen