bad luck vs adversity

bad luck and adversity both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
bad luck	Yes	No	No	No
adversity	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, adversity is a hyponym of bad luck; that is, adversity is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than bad luck:

bad luck: unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event
adversity: a stroke of ill fortune; a calamitous event

As nouns, adversity is a hyponym of bad luck; that is, adversity is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than bad luck:

Other hyponyms of bad luck include weakness, hard knocks, hardship, gutter, sewer, toilet, hard cheese.

bad luck (noun)	adversity (noun)
unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event	a stroke of ill fortune; a calamitous event
an unpredictable outcome that is unfortunate	a state of misfortune or affliction
an unfortunate state resulting from unfavorable outcomes