balsam vs unguent

balsam and unguent both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
balsam	Yes	No	No	No
unguent	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, unguent is a hypernym of balsam; that is, unguent is a word with a broader meaning than balsam:

balsam: an ointment containing a fragrant resin
unguent: semisolid preparation (usually containing a medicine) applied externally as a remedy or for soothing an irritation

Other hypernyms of balsam include balm, ointment, salve, unction.

balsam (noun)	unguent (noun)
an ointment containing a fragrant resin	semisolid preparation (usually containing a medicine) applied externally as a remedy or for soothing an irritation
any seed plant yielding balsam
any of various fragrant oleoresins used in medicines and perfumes