beef vs hamburger

beef and hamburger both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
beef	Yes	No	Yes	No
hamburger	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, hamburger is a hyponym of beef; that is, hamburger is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than beef:

Other hyponyms of beef include ground beef, bully beef, corn beef, corned beef, pastrami.

beef (noun)	hamburger (noun)
cattle that are reared for their meat	beef that has been ground
informal terms for objecting	a sandwich consisting of a fried cake of minced beef served on a bun, often with other ingredients
meat from an adult domestic bovine

beef (verb)	hamburger (verb)
complain