beetroot vs Beta vulgaris

beetroot and Beta vulgaris both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
beetroot	Yes	No	No	No
Beta vulgaris	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, Beta vulgaris is a hypernym of beetroot; that is, Beta vulgaris is a word with a broader meaning than beetroot:

beetroot: beet having a massively swollen red root; widely grown for human consumption
Beta vulgaris: biennial Eurasian plant usually having a swollen edible root; widely cultivated as a food crop

Other hypernyms of beetroot include beet, common beet.

beetroot (noun)	Beta vulgaris (noun)
round red root vegetable	biennial Eurasian plant usually having a swollen edible root; widely cultivated as a food crop
beet having a massively swollen red root; widely grown for human consumption