burger vs cheeseburger

burger and cheeseburger both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
burger	Yes	No	No	No
cheeseburger	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, cheeseburger is a hyponym of burger; that is, cheeseburger is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than burger:

burger: a sandwich consisting of a fried cake of minced beef served on a bun, often with other ingredients
cheeseburger: a hamburger with melted cheese on it

burger (noun)	cheeseburger (noun)
a sandwich consisting of a fried cake of minced beef served on a bun, often with other ingredients	a hamburger with melted cheese on it