canoe birch vs birch tree

canoe birch and birch tree both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
canoe birch	Yes	No	No	No
birch tree	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, birch tree is a hypernym of canoe birch; that is, birch tree is a word with a broader meaning than canoe birch:

canoe birch: small American birch with peeling white bark often worked into e.g. baskets or toy canoes
birch tree: any betulaceous tree or shrub of the genus Betula having a thin peeling bark

Other hypernyms of canoe birch include birch.

canoe birch (noun)	birch tree (noun)
small American birch with peeling white bark often worked into e.g. baskets or toy canoes	any betulaceous tree or shrub of the genus Betula having a thin peeling bark