caulking vs sealant

caulking and sealant both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
caulking	Yes	No	No	No
sealant	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, sealant is a hypernym of caulking; that is, sealant is a word with a broader meaning than caulking:

caulking: a waterproof filler and sealant that is used in building and repair to make watertight
sealant: a kind of sealing material that is used to form a hard coating on a porous surface (as a coat of paint or varnish used to size a surface)

Other hypernyms of caulking include sealer.

caulking (noun)	sealant (noun)
a waterproof filler and sealant that is used in building and repair to make watertight	a kind of sealing material that is used to form a hard coating on a porous surface (as a coat of paint or varnish used to size a surface)