common beet vs Beta vulgaris

common beet and Beta vulgaris both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
common beet	Yes	No	No	No
Beta vulgaris	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, common beet and Beta vulgaris are synonyms defined as:

common beet and Beta vulgaris: biennial Eurasian plant usually having a swollen edible root; widely cultivated as a food crop

Other synonyms of common beet include beet.

common beet (noun)	Beta vulgaris (noun)
biennial Eurasian plant usually having a swollen edible root; widely cultivated as a food crop	biennial Eurasian plant usually having a swollen edible root; widely cultivated as a food crop