correct vs penalise

correct is an adjective but penalise is not an adjective.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
correct	No	Yes	Yes	No
penalise	No	No	Yes	No

As verbs, penalise is a hypernym of correct; that is, penalise is a word with a broader meaning than correct:

Other hypernyms of correct include penalize, punish.

correct (adjective)	penalise (adjective)
free from error; especially conforming to fact or truth
correct in opinion or judgment
socially right or correct
in accord with accepted standards of usage or procedure

correct (verb)	penalise (verb)
treat a defect	impose a penalty on; inflict punishment on
make right or correct
alter or regulate so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a standard
censure severely
fall in value
punish in order to gain control or enforce obedience
make reparations or amends for
adjust for