councilman vs adult male

councilman and adult male both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
councilman	Yes	No	No	No
adult male	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, adult male is a hypernym of councilman; that is, adult male is a word with a broader meaning than councilman:

Other hypernyms of councilman include council member, councillor, man.

councilman (noun)	adult male (noun)
a man who is a council member	an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)