dashboard vs instrument panel

dashboard and instrument panel both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
dashboard	Yes	No	No	No
instrument panel	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, instrument panel is a hypernym of dashboard; that is, instrument panel is a word with a broader meaning than dashboard:

dashboard: instrument panel on an automobile or airplane containing dials and controls
instrument panel: electrical device consisting of a flat insulated surface that contains switches and dials and meters for controlling other electrical devices

Other hypernyms of dashboard include board, control board, control panel, panel.

dashboard (noun)	instrument panel (noun)
instrument panel on an automobile or airplane containing dials and controls	electrical device consisting of a flat insulated surface that contains switches and dials and meters for controlling other electrical devices
protective covering consisting of a panel to protect people from the splashing water or mud etc.