debris surge vs spate

debris surge and spate both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
debris surge	Yes	No	No	No
spate	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, spate is a hypernym of debris surge; that is, spate is a word with a broader meaning than debris surge:

debris surge: the sudden spread of dust and debris from a collapsing building
spate: a sudden forceful flow

Other hypernyms of debris surge include rush, surge, upsurge.

debris surge (noun)	spate (noun)
the sudden spread of dust and debris from a collapsing building	the occurrence of a water flow resulting from sudden rain or melting snow
	a sudden forceful flow
	(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent