dogma vs philosophical system

dogma and philosophical system both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
dogma	Yes	No	No	No
philosophical system	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, philosophical system is a hypernym of dogma; that is, philosophical system is a word with a broader meaning than dogma:

dogma: a doctrine or code of beliefs accepted as authoritative
philosophical system: a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

Other hypernyms of dogma include doctrine, ism, philosophy, school of thought.

dogma (noun)	philosophical system (noun)
a doctrine or code of beliefs accepted as authoritative	a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school
a religious doctrine that is proclaimed as true without proof