exchange vs barter

exchange and barter both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
exchange	Yes	No	Yes	No
barter	Yes	No	Yes	No

As nouns, barter is a hyponym of exchange; that is, barter is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than exchange:

exchange: reciprocal transfer of equivalent sums of money (especially the currencies of different countries)
barter: an equal exchange

Other hyponyms of exchange include conversion, swap, swop, trade, foreign exchange.

As verbs, barter is a hyponym of exchange; that is, barter is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than exchange:

Other hyponyms of exchange include sell, cash, cash in, ransom, redeem, redeem, fill in, stand in, sub, substitute, swap, switch, swop, trade, trade, trade in.

exchange (noun)	barter (noun)
reciprocal transfer of equivalent sums of money (especially the currencies of different countries)	an equal exchange
the act of putting one thing or person in the place of another:
the act of changing one thing for another thing
the act of giving something in return for something received
(chess) the capture by both players (usually on consecutive moves) of pieces of equal value
(chess) gaining (or losing) a rook in return for a knight or bishop
(sports) an unbroken sequence of several successive strokes
a workplace for buying and selling; open only to members
a workplace that serves as a telecommunications facility where lines from telephones can be connected together to permit communication
a mutual expression of views (especially an unpleasant one)
chemical process in which one atom or ion or group changes places with another

exchange (verb)	barter (verb)
exchange or replace with another, usually of the same kind or category	exchange goods without involving money
change over, change around, as to a new order or sequence
exchange a penalty for a less severe one
give to, and receive from, one another
put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items
hand over one and receive another, approximately equivalent