fatwa vs ruling

fatwa and ruling both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
fatwa	Yes	No	No	No
ruling	Yes	Yes	No	No

As nouns, ruling is a hypernym of fatwa; that is, ruling is a word with a broader meaning than fatwa:

fatwa: a ruling on a point of Islamic law that is given by a recognized authority
ruling: the reason for a court's judgment (as opposed to the decision itself)

Other hypernyms of fatwa include opinion.

fatwa (noun)	ruling (noun)
a ruling on a point of Islamic law that is given by a recognized authority	the reason for a court's judgment (as opposed to the decision itself)

fatwa (adjective)	ruling (adjective)
	exercising power or authority