godfather vs patron

godfather and patron both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
godfather	Yes	No	No	No
patron	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, patron is a hypernym of godfather; that is, patron is a word with a broader meaning than godfather:

godfather: someone having a relation analogous to that of a male sponsor to his godchild
patron: someone who supports or champions something

Other hypernyms of godfather include sponsor, supporter.

godfather (noun)	patron (noun)
any man who serves as a sponsor for a child at baptism	a regular customer
someone having a relation analogous to that of a male sponsor to his godchild	someone who supports or champions something
	the proprietor of an inn