gouty arthritis vs arthritis

gouty arthritis and arthritis both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
gouty arthritis	Yes	No	No	No
arthritis	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, arthritis is a hypernym of gouty arthritis; that is, arthritis is a word with a broader meaning than gouty arthritis:

gouty arthritis: a painful inflammation of the big toe and foot caused by defects in uric acid metabolism resulting in deposits of the acid and its salts in the blood and joints
arthritis: inflammation of a joint or joints

gouty arthritis (noun)	arthritis (noun)
a painful inflammation of the big toe and foot caused by defects in uric acid metabolism resulting in deposits of the acid and its salts in the blood and joints	inflammation of a joint or joints