As nouns,
Chian turpentine is a hyponym of
gum terpentine; that is, Chian turpentine is a
word with a more specific, narrower meaning than
gum terpentine:
gum terpentine: an oleoresin obtained from conifers (especially pines)
Chian turpentine: a turpentine exuded by the terebinth