hermaphrodism vs birth defect

hermaphrodism and birth defect both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
hermaphrodism	Yes	No	No	No
birth defect	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, birth defect is a hypernym of hermaphrodism; that is, birth defect is a word with a broader meaning than hermaphrodism:

hermaphrodism: congenital condition in which external genitalia and internal sex organs have both male and female characteristics
birth defect: a defect that is present at birth

hermaphrodism (noun)	birth defect (noun)
congenital condition in which external genitalia and internal sex organs have both male and female characteristics	a defect that is present at birth