hermaphroditism vs birth defect

hermaphroditism and birth defect both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
hermaphroditism	Yes	No	No	No
birth defect	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, birth defect is a hypernym of hermaphroditism; that is, birth defect is a word with a broader meaning than hermaphroditism:

hermaphroditism: congenital condition in which external genitalia and internal sex organs have both male and female characteristics
birth defect: a defect that is present at birth

Other hypernyms of hermaphroditism include congenital abnormality, congenital anomaly, congenital defect, congenital disorder.

hermaphroditism (noun)	birth defect (noun)
showing characteristics of both sexes	a defect that is present at birth
congenital condition in which external genitalia and internal sex organs have both male and female characteristics