illustration vs sample

illustration and sample both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
illustration	Yes	No	No	No
sample	Yes	No	Yes	No

As nouns, sample is a hyponym of illustration; that is, sample is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than illustration:

Other hyponyms of illustration include apology, excuse, exception, case in point, precedent, quintessence, specimen.

illustration (noun)	sample (noun)
a visual representation (a picture or diagram) that is used to make some subject more pleasing or easier to understand	a small part of something intended as representative of the whole
an item of information that is typical of a class or group	items selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population
artwork that helps make something clear or attractive	all or part of a natural object that is collected and preserved as an example of its class
showing by example

illustration (verb)	sample (verb)
	take a sample of