light vs beam

light and beam both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
light	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
beam	Yes	No	Yes	No

As nouns, beam is a hyponym of light; that is, beam is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than light:

light: (physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation
beam: a column of light (as from a beacon)

light (noun)	beam (noun)
any device serving as a source of illumination	long thick piece of wood or metal or concrete, etc., used in construction
a device for lighting or igniting fuel or charges or fires	a gymnastic apparatus used by women gymnasts
the visual effect of illumination on objects or scenes as created in pictures	the broad side of a ship
the quality of being luminous; emitting or reflecting light	(nautical) breadth amidships
merriment expressed by a brightness or gleam or animation of countenance	a signal transmitted along a narrow path; guides airplane pilots in darkness or bad weather
mental understanding as an enlightening experience	a column of light (as from a beacon)
a particular perspective or aspect of a situation	a group of nearly parallel lines of electromagnetic radiation
public awareness
a visual warning signal
an illuminated area
a person regarded very fondly
(physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation
having abundant light or illumination
a condition of spiritual awareness; divine illumination

light (adjective)	beam (adjective)
of comparatively little physical weight or density
psychologically light; especially free from sadness or troubles
not great in degree or quantity or number
of the military or industry; using (or being) relatively small or light arms or equipment
(used of color) having a relatively small amount of coloring agent
characterized by or emitting light
(physics, chemistry) not having atomic weight greater than average
of little intensity or power or force
easily assimilated in the alimentary canal; not rich or heavily seasoned
silly or trivial
weak and likely to lose consciousness
having little importance
less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so
designed for ease of movement or to carry little weight
moving easily and quickly; nimble
(used of soil) loose and large-grained in consistency
having relatively few calories
(of sound or color) free from anything that dulls or dims
(of sleep) easily disturbed
marked by temperance in indulgence
very thin and insubstantial
casual and unrestrained in sexual behavior
demanding little effort; not burdensome
(used of vowels or syllables) pronounced with little or no stress
intended primarily as entertainment; not serious or profound

light (verb)	beam (verb)
introduce light into	smile radiantly; express joy through one's facial expression
start or maintain a fire in	broadcast over the airwaves, as in radio or television
begin to smoke	express with a beaming face or smile
to come to rest, settle	experience a feeling of well-being or happiness, as from good health or an intense emotion
alight from (a horse)	have a complexion with a strong bright color, such as red or pink
fall to somebody by assignment or lot; passed	emit light; be bright, as of the sun or a light
cause to start burning; subject to fire or great heat

light (adverb)	beam (adverb)
with few burdens