male parent vs dad

male parent and dad both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
male parent	Yes	No	No	No
dad	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, dad is a hyponym of male parent; that is, dad is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than male parent:

Other hyponyms of male parent include dada, daddy, pa, papa, pappa, pop, father-in-law, old man, pater.

male parent (noun)	dad (noun)
a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)	an informal term for a father; probably derived from baby talk