mom vs female parent

mom and female parent both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
mom	Yes	No	No	No
female parent	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, female parent is a hypernym of mom; that is, female parent is a word with a broader meaning than mom:

mom: informal terms for a mother
female parent: a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

Other hypernyms of mom include mother.

mom (noun)	female parent (noun)
informal terms for a mother	a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)