partner vs furnish

partner is a noun but furnish is not a noun.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
partner	Yes	No	Yes	No
furnish	No	No	Yes	No

As verbs, furnish is a hypernym of partner; that is, furnish is a word with a broader meaning than partner:

Other hypernyms of partner include offer, provide, render, supply.

partner (noun)	furnish (noun)
an associate in an activity or endeavor or sphere of common interest
a person's partner in marriage
a person who is a member of a partnership

partner (verb)	furnish (verb)
provide with a partner	give something useful or necessary to
act as a partner	provide or equip with furniture