paterfamilias vs adult male

paterfamilias and adult male both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
paterfamilias	Yes	No	No	No
adult male	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, adult male is a hypernym of paterfamilias; that is, adult male is a word with a broader meaning than paterfamilias:

Other hypernyms of paterfamilias include head of household, man.

paterfamilias (noun)	adult male (noun)
the male head of family or tribe	an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)