pathology vs ill health

pathology and ill health both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
pathology	Yes	No	No	No
ill health	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, ill health is a hypernym of pathology; that is, ill health is a word with a broader meaning than pathology:

pathology: any deviation from a healthy or normal condition
ill health: a state in which you are unable to function normally and without pain

Other hypernyms of pathology include health problem, unhealthiness.

pathology (noun)	ill health (noun)
the branch of medical science that studies the causes and nature and effects of diseases	a state in which you are unable to function normally and without pain
any deviation from a healthy or normal condition