piece of material vs textile

piece of material and textile both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
piece of material	Yes	No	No	No
textile	Yes	Yes	No	No

As nouns, textile is a hypernym of piece of material; that is, textile is a word with a broader meaning than piece of material:

piece of material: a separate part consisting of fabric
textile: artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers

Other hypernyms of piece of material include cloth, fabric, material, piece.

piece of material (noun)	textile (noun)
a separate part consisting of fabric	artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers

piece of material (adjective)	textile (adjective)
	of or relating to fabrics or fabric making