pole vaulter vs vaulter

pole vaulter and vaulter both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
pole vaulter	Yes	No	No	No
vaulter	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, pole vaulter and vaulter are synonyms defined as:

pole vaulter and vaulter: an athlete who jumps over a high crossbar with the aid of a long pole

Other synonyms of pole vaulter include pole jumper.

pole vaulter (noun)	vaulter (noun)
an athlete who jumps over a high crossbar with the aid of a long pole	an athlete who jumps over a high crossbar with the aid of a long pole