polity vs government

polity and government both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
polity	Yes	No	No	No
government	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, government is a hyponym of polity; that is, government is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than polity:

polity: a politically organized unit
government: the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

Other hyponyms of polity include authorities, regime.

polity (noun)	government (noun)
shrewd or crafty management of public affairs	the act of governing; exercising authority
a politically organized unit	(government) the system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed
the form of government of a social organization	the study of government of states and other political units
	the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit