printing vs publication

printing and publication both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
printing	Yes	No	No	No
publication	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, publication is a hyponym of printing; that is, publication is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than printing:

printing: the business of producing printed material for sale or distribution
publication: the act of issuing printed materials

Other hyponyms of printing include gravure, issue.

As nouns, publication is a hypernym of printing; that is, publication is a word with a broader meaning than printing:

printing (noun)	publication (noun)
the business of producing printed material for sale or distribution	the business of issuing printed matter for sale or distribution
reproduction by applying ink to paper as for publication	the act of issuing printed materials
text handwritten in the style of printed matter	the communication of something to the public; making information generally known
all the copies of a work printed at one time	a copy of a printed work offered for distribution